"[communitarianism is] a notion that years of celebrating individual freedom have weakened the bonds of community, and that the rights of the individual must be balanced against the interests of society as a whole. Inherent in the philosophy is a return to values and morality, which, the school of thought believes, can best be fostered by community organizations." (Robert Putnam of Harvard University and a Bush speechwriter, explaining President Bush's belief in the communitarian philosophy for The Washington Post, 2002)

"The Socialist Alliance programme is the foundation upon which everything else is built, including in time our exact organisational forms and constantly shifting tactics. The programme links our continuous and what should be all-encompassing agitational work with our ultimate aim of a communitarian, or communist, system. Our programme thus establishes the basis for agreed action and is the lodestar, the point of reference, around which the voluntary unity of the Socialist Alliance is built and concretised. Put another way, the programme represents the dialectical unity between theory and practice." Posted by Towards a common Socialist Alliance programme Weekly Worker 368, January 25 2001. See also: 5. The transition to the communitarian system in the same issue of the American Communist Party's Weekly Worker.

"communitarian is mentioned in the following topics: Anabaptists (in church, Protestantism); analytic philosophy; Anglicanism; Balkan Action Committee; Bill O'Reilly (commentator); Brussels-Capital Region; Charles Taylor (philosopher); Christian anarchism; Christian Democratic Party (Uruguay); Christian Democratic Party of Chile; Coalition to Stop Gun Violence; consociationalism; Danite; Democracia Popular (Ecuador); Deng Xiaoping; Earth First!; Ebionites; Erich Fromm; Falconist Party; George Grant; Goh Keng Swee; Grateful Dead, The (music, United States); Harry Clay Trexler; History of the Latter Day Saint movement; History of the People's Republic of China; History of the People's Republic of China (2/4); Idiotarian; Ismaili; John B. Cobb; John Forbes Nash; John Macmurray; Kwame Gyekye; Law of Consecration; liberal democracy; Luberon; moderate; New Harmony, Indiana; New World Order (conspiracy); political economy; political spectrum; post-colonialism; radical middle; Rigdonite; Social ecology; social theory; spiral dynamics; Timeline of Western philosophers; Zapatista Army of National Liberation; Álvaro Uribe; Área Metropolitana de Lisboa."(Answers.com's list of links called "Communitarian Mentioned In.")

"Self-determination movements, a major historical force for more than 200 years, have largely exhausted their legitimacy as a means to create more strongly democratic states. While they long served to destroy empires and force governments to be more responsive to the governed, with rare exceptions self-determination movements now undermine the potential for democratic development in non democratic countries and threaten the foundations of democracy even in the democratic ones. It is time to withdraw moral approval from most of the movements and see them for what they are--destructive." (Etzioni published papers, #227, "The Evils of Self-Determination," Foreign Policy, No.89, (Winter 1992-93), pp.21-35, Reprinted in: Moresh No.2,Vol 2, (Oct 1993), The Annals of the International Institute of Sociology, Vol.IV, (1994),pp.163-176.)

"The world needs a new global architecture, additional layers of governance, to deal with issues that neither nations nor traditional forms of intergovernmental organizations can cope with." ("Europe, A Beautiful Idea" by Amitai Etzioni, September 2004 conference at the Hague)

"In a passage that is notable for its vagueness, Azevedo says that the CEBs should be the basis for a new communitarianism that rejects the two "bankrupt" models and systems "that are now polarizing the world," capitalism and Marxist socialism. This communitarianism is to be "a dialectical synthesis, a new creation, superimposing itself on thesis and antithesis rather than retrieving them." The passage illustrates the controversy in Latin American Catholicism between those who continue to endorse the "third-position-ism" (tercerismo) of Catholic social teaching and those (including all liberation theologians that I know of) who believe that only socialism can be in accord with Christian values." (Theology Today-Basic Ecclesial Communities in Brazil: The Challenge of a New Way of Being Church By Marcello deC. Azevedo, S.J.Washington, D.C., Georgetown University Press, 1987. 304 Pp.)

"Socialism, like the ancient ideas from which it springs, confuses the distinction between government and society. As a result of this, every time we object to a thing being done by government, the socialists conclude that we object to its being done at all. We disapprove of state education. Then the socialists say that we are opposed to any education. We object to a state religion. Then the socialists say that we want no religion at all. We object to a state-enforced equality. Then they say that we are against equality. And so on, and so on. It is as if the socialists were to accuse us of not wanting persons to eat because we do not want the state to raise grain." (Frederic Bastiat, The Law, 1850)

"Commercial immorality indeed. This is the recognizable universe of our own time where the rich, capital, markets, and profit are still all attacked in the fashionable press, academia, and art by people educated in Marxist Sixties radicalism but completely ignorant or uncomprehending of the most elementary principles of free market economics. The full force of Hegel's statism, whether today it is called "communitarianism," the "politics of meaning," or something else, thus descends on property. And when any kind of private action becomes a matter of money, employment, children, weapons, or political activity (in someone's definition), then the state continues on in, police (which may be Hegel's own neologism, by the way), prosecutors, prisons, and all. Hegel, indeed, would be proud." Dr. Kelly Ross, Ph.d.

"During the Soviet period, the state was represented as a benign complex furthering egalitarian and communitarian ideology with citizens encouraged towards self-sacrifice in the name of supreme national interests." (RUSSIAN GEOPOLITICAL CULTURE IN THE POST-9/11 ERA: THE MASKS OF PROTEUS REVISITED* by John O'Loughlin, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Gearóid Ó Tuathail (Gerard Toal) Government and International Affairs, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Alexandria Centre, Virginia, and Vladimir Kolossov Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. " *This research is supported by a grant, number 0203087, from the U.S. National Science Foundation, Geography and Regional Science Program.)

"Metropolitan Organizations for People works through local organizing committees, which use dialogues to create opportunities for individuals to respond to the needs of their families and participate in the improvement of their community. The Rebuilding Community Campaign focuses on empowering people in the local neighborhoods. Through one-on-one visits with neighbors and fellow congregation members, the campaign attempts to expose major concerns facing families, identify potential new leaders from the community and examine the cultural diversity of Denver. Community members are trained by MOP volunteers and members of the local organizing committees to reach out and listen to the fears and frustrations of neighbors, discuss how the problems affect their families and challenge them to get involved. Active participants in the campaign receive leadership training and control the direction of the organization. As these leaders do more and more one-on-one visits and build a team of neighbors, they are trained in doing research to better understand why the problems exist and what can be done. Also, leaders are trained in how to run meetings, make agendas and develop a powerful and efficient organization that can operate at different levels of power and decision making." (One America-Rebuilding Communities Campaign)

"Revolutionary socialism based on the theories of the political philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, emphasizing common ownership of the means of production and a planned, or command economy. The principle held is that each should work according to his or her capacity and receive according to his or her needs. Politically, it seeks the overthrow of capitalism through a proletarian (working-class) revolution. The first communist state was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) after the revolution of 1917. Revolutionary socialist parties and groups united to form communist parties in other countries during the inter-war years. After World War II, communism was enforced in those countries that came under Soviet occupation. Communism as the ideology of a nation state survives in only a few countries in the 21st century, notably China, Cuba, North Korea, Laos, and Vietnam, where market forces are being encouraged in the economic sphere."(Freedictionary.com by Farlex)

"In 1851, Karl Marx wrote, "We say to the workers: `You will have to go through fifteen, twenty, fifty years of civil wars and international wars, not only in order to change existing conditions, but also in order to change yourselves and fit yourselves for the exercise of political power.'" Marx, the activist and theoretician, realized the road to communist revolution was neither absolutely known or unknown. PLP's own march along the road to revolution has taken us through the process of many changes. Each has been a struggle to equip our Party for the seizure of power and the building of communist society. As the road to communism draws closer, the path gets clearer." ("Road to Revolution 4.5- Smash Reformism- Fight for Communism" posted by PLP)

"Being a true German philistine, Herr List, instead of studying real history, looks for the secret, bad aims of individuals, and, owing to his cunning, he is very well able to discover them (puzzle them out). He makes great discoveries, such as that Adam Smith wanted to deceive the world by his theory, and that the whole world let itself be deceived by him until the great Herr List woke it from its dream, rather in the way that a certain Düsseldorf Counsellor of justice made out that Roman history had been invented by medieval monks in order to justify the domination of Rome." (KARL MARX VS. CYNICAL REASON: ON SUPPOSITIONS OF NAKED SELF-INTEREST at Ralph Dumain's Autodidact Project. His SOURCE: Marx, Karl, On Freedom of the Press, Rheinische Zeitung, No. 139, Supplement, May 19, 1842; in: Marx Engels Collected Works, Volume 1 (New York: International Publishers, 1975), p. 171.)

It is this theory, sir, which furnishes to the opponents of the American System the intellectual means of their opposition.... Boasting of their imaginary superiority in science and knowledge, these disciples of Smith and Say are treating every defender of common sense like an empiric whose mental power and literary acquirements are not strong enough to conceive the sublime doctrine of their masters." (Friedrich List, The National System of Political Economy, 1841)

"... examines confessions and criminal case disposition in China. It describes how wider economic reforms in China and subsequent changes in its legal system may have affected the nature and consequence of criminal confessions. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of a sample of 1,009 criminal court cases reveal that the majority of offenders confessed to their crime and that confession is associated with less severe punishments (e.g., lower risks for imprisonment, shorter sentences). Changes in the nature of confession and its impact on criminal court practices are also examined before and after legal reforms in the mid-1990s. These context-specific findings are then discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the interrelationships between legal structure, legal culture, and case disposition in communitarian-based societies." (Blackwell Synergy. This "Confessions and Criminal Case Disposition in China" by Hong Lu, Terance D. Miethe, Law & Society Volume 37 Issue 3 Page 549 doi:10.1111/1540-5893.3703003 - September 2003.)

"WASHINGTON (Reuters) - China's unprecedented rise, fueled by foreign investment and technology, has put the Asian giant on a path to surpass the United States economically by 2025, the author of a new book on China said on Tuesday.

"U.S. pressure on Chinese authorities to revalue the yuan currency will bring only a brief respite from the fusion of cheap-but-skilled labor, imported technology and economies of scale that make China so competitive, said Oded Shenkar.

"His book "The Chinese Century," represents neither a "China-bashing book" nor the 1980s "Japan as Number One genre," the Ohio State University business management professor said.

""The rise of China is a watershed," Shenkar told Reuters in an interview. "I compare it to the rise of the United States in the late 19th century."

"Britain, the leading power of that era, did not take its former American colony seriously despite the geopolitical implications of the U.S. emergence. China aims to regain the world preeminence it had before the modern era, he said.

"More than becoming a new Japan, "China will be overtaking the United States between 2020 and 2025," Shenkar said.

"The Israeli-born researcher said he put China's emergence as the world economic power about two decades earlier than most analysts by measuring purchasing power rather than nominal figures to measure output and growth.

""I believe first of all that the Chinese economy is actually larger than the numbers would suggest," he said. ("China Poised to Overtake U.S. in 2020s" By Paul Eckert, Asia Correspondent, http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/nm/20050209/wl_nm/china_autho r_dc)

"... The ultimate purpose of the Talmud is ... to seek out truth. ... The Talmudic dialectic can be compared to an inquiry in pure science, particularly in the sphere ... of mathematics. ..." by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz, "The Talmud: The Steinsaltz Edition" (Random House))

"In addition to the written scriptures we have an "Oral Torah", a tradition explaining what the Five Books of Moses mean and how to interpret them and apply the Laws. Orthodox Jews believe God taught the Oral Torah to Moses, and he taught it to others, and others taught it to others down to the present day. This tradition was maintained in oral form only until about the 2d century C.E., when much of the oral law was compiled and written down in a document called the Mishnah.

"Over the next few centuries, authoritative commentaries elaborating on the Mishnah and recording the rest of the oral law were written down in Israel and Babylon. These additional commentaries are known as the Tosefta, Mekhileta, Sifra, Sifre, Jerusalem Talmud, and Babylonian Talmud. The last was completed at about 500 C.E.

"The two largest works are the Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud. The Babylonian one is more comprehensive, and is the one most people mean when they refer to The Talmud.

The Mishnah is divided into six sections called sedarim (in English, orders). Each seder contains one or more divisions called masekhtot (in English, tractates). There are 63 masekhtot in the Mishnah. Most, though not all, of these masekhtot have been addressed in the Talmud. Although these divisions seem to indicate subject matter, it is important to note that the Mishnah and the Talmud tend to engage in quite a bit of free-association, thus widely diverse subjects may be discussed in a seder or masekhtah..."(Torah 101. Yale College Library Catalog lists 3 texts: The Talmud, The Torah (Tanakh), and The Zohar (Cabala). http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/hebraicateam/codes.htm, Codes of Jewish Law.)

"Jewish meditation (Jewish mysticism, the Kabbalistic System of Insight): Judaic "approach to personal growth" promoted by Chabad Lubavitch of Long Island, New York. The cabala (cabbala, cabbalah, kabala, kabbala, kabbalah, kabbalism, Qabalah, Qabbalah) is an eclectic and multiform mystical system of ancient Jewish origin analogous to yoga. It encompasses "angelology," demonology, meditation, and prayer." (Dictionary of Metaphysical Healthcare Unnaturalistic Methods: J-K © 1997 Jack Raso, M.S., R.D.)

"Also present at the meeting on Monday, though not seated in the 71-seat semi-circular row of chairs, was famed archaeologist Dr. Vendyl Jones. He is working with the Sanhedrin to establish a system of courts for non-Jews adhering to the Seven Laws of Noah, which the Torah obligates all of humanity to follow. One of those laws is to establish courts of justice. A high court has been established by the Sanhedrin for such purposes, and a subsidiary of that court will soon be established in the United States as well."( Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz Elected to Head Sanhedrin 14:51 Jun 23, '05 / 16 Sivan 5765, By Ezra HaLevi, Israeli National News.)

"The similarities between the strategy of National-Anarchism and the triadic analysis of the famous German philosopher, Georg Friedrich Hegel, are tremendous. Hegel believed that when confronted with the ineffectiveness of a thought or affirmation (thesis) and its subsequent negation (antithesis), the result is a yet further negation as the two original precepts are united and thus resolved at a much higher level (synthesis). Once this process takes place, the synthesis itself can then be negated by another antithesis, until the arrival of a second synthesis starts the whole process over again. This brings us back to our long and repeated flirtations with trinitarianism. When considered from this perspective, National-Anarchism appears to be the next logical next towards the raising of mankind's spiritual and intellectual consciousness." Transcending the Beyond "From Third Position to National-Anarchism" By Troy Southgate.

"Eric Gill (1882-1940) was born in Brighton, England, to a minister of a small Protestant sect. He eventually became an artist, well known for his sculptures, engravings, sketches, writings, and type fonts. He married in 1904 and joined the Fabian Socialist Society in 1905. As is noted in Distributist Perspectives, he is one of the founding members of the Distributist worker community at Ditchling, Sussex. It was there that he entered the Catholic Church in 1913. In his lifetime, he would found two more worker communities. He would receive many important and prestigious commissions, including works for Westminster Cathedral, the League of Nations, the BBC, and the London Transport before his death in 1940." ( "Eric Gill, the Pedophile Founder of Distributism" by Patrick Odou, http://traditioninaction.org/HotTopics/j005htGill_Distributism_Odou.htm)

"Distributism is an economic and social theory based on Catholic social teaching, regarded as a 'third way' between Capitalism and Socialism. It is one of the ideological roots of the Catholic Worker Movement, and has had an indirect influence on the New Economics of E. F. Schumacher and through him on today's Green movement." (http://traditioninaction.org/HotTopics/j005htGill_Distributism_Odou.htm

"Pope John Paul's great vision of communitarianism and a New Global Order has yet to receive the recognition it deserves in furthering the understanding that humanity is built on religious values, without which transformations in totalitarian regimes would have been impossible. The essence of communitarianism, as put forth by the Vatican, consists of seeking middle ground between Marxist collectivism and rigid individualism and capitalism. Phillips traces the history of communitarianism through Aristotelian and Judeo-Christian writings, clarifying the proper function of the community in helping individuals help themselves by mobilizing church resources and countering anti-religious movements such as Nazism and communism. Communitarianism presents an encouraging universal notion of freedom, transcending the one-sided stances of Marxism and libertarian capitalism and promoting the vision of a unified human destiny." (Communitarianism, the Vatican, and the New Global Order by Robert L. Phillips, Carnegie Council.org. )

"For years, faith-based and community groups have been assisting people in need. Unfortunately, the Federal government has often not been a willing partner to these faith-based and community groups. President Bush wants to change this. He believes that all groups - faith-based or secular, large or small - should compete on a level playing field, so long as they obey all legal requirements. The White House Conferences on Faith-Based and Community Initiatives will educate attendees about the President's Initiative. The conferences will provide participants with information about the Federal funding process, available funding opportunities, the requirements that come with the receipt of Federal funds, and cutting-edge practices from other organizations. The White House is hosting the conferences with support from the Departments of Justice, Agriculture, Labor, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Education, and the Agency for International Development." (President George W. Bush, Remarks at the 11th Regional White House Conference on Faith-Based and Community Initiatives, Los Angeles, CA, March 3, 2004)

"Advocates of enlisting faith-based organizations in the provision of public services point to anecdotal evidence of the success of faith-based programs. They argue that the dangers posed by the social problems such as drug addiction or teen homicide outweigh any threat to the separation of church and state posed by the use of faith-based organizations. They often argue that faith-based or religiously oriented approaches are inherently more effective than secular approaches in changing behavior.

Opponents argue that directing government funds, at either the federal or state level, to sectarian organizations raises serious separation issues. While organizations such as Catholic Charities and Lutheran Charities have long received large subsidies from the federal government, such traditional charities have pursued their efforts in a self-consciously nonsectarian manner. Critics argue that newer faith-based approaches, such as that embodied by Eugene Rivers program in Boston or Charles Colson's Prison Fellowship, rely explicitly on proselytization as the means of effecting behavioral change. Subsidies to such organizations, according to critics, can amount to violations of the Constitution's establishment clause because they involve the state directly in supporting the spread of particular religious views." ("Delivery of Social Services through Faith-Based Organizations", published by the Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies at George Washington University, Washington DC.)

"The old ideologies positioned politics as a struggle for ownership, the historic battle between socialism and capitalism. The Third Way, by contrast, sees politics as an exercise in communitarianism: rebuilding the relationships and social capital between people. It aims to put the social back into social justice. This is an important strategy for combating individualism and generating a sense of collective responsibility in society. " (Australian Fabian Society, Re-inventing Collectivism: The new Social Democracy by Mark Latham, Member for Werriwa Third Way Conference, Centre for Applied Economic Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 12 July 2001)

"Third Way is a political party based in Britain which advocates a practical decentralisation of power through constitutional reform and the creation of a society in which wealth is more equitably distributed.

"A party rather different from the rest, Third Way combines democratic socio-economic reform and inclusive nationalism with co-operative internationalism and ecological awareness; supporting the right to genuine self-determination for peoples throughout the world. The resultant synthesis, still evolving, offers an alternative approach to politics -- a new perspective, in contrast to the failed and outdated dogma of past and present governments...." (thirdway.org)

"From wants to escape the liberal-conservative tug of war, which the Democrats inevitably lose, and replace it with a brave new world of "information-age politics," "reciprocal obligation," "innovative non-bureaucratic approaches to governing," and a blizzard of equally ineffable buzz-phrases with which to bewilder GOP strategists." ( New Democrats Online)

"The central feature in the platform of the American Revolutionary Party is its proposed Capital Homestead Act. This act calls for a comprehensive restructuring of America's economic policies to grow the economy in ways that create a nation of capital owners, citizens who are independent of big government, big business, and big labor for their economic well-being. This Act is based on the party's Just Third Way philosophy. This philosophy embodies a morality, respect for life and human dignity, and sense of the common good that is more just than socialism (which institutionalizes envy) and capitalism (which institutionalizes greed). Because it is based on changing the system for financing future growth to equalize ownership opportunity, Capital Homesteading will lift poor and middle-income Americans, without redistributing existing wealth from today's tiny ownership elite." (The American Revolutionary Party Platform)

"When I check my thesaurus to find synonyms for sovereignty, the terms "king," "lord," "dominant" and "absolute" pop up. No wonder we are so reluctant to allow inroads into our right to self-government. Who wants to be lorded over by others, let alone dominated by foreigners? After all, the ability to control our fate is the reason we formed these United States in the first place. Yet, we are increasingly driven to recognize that we are entering an age in which our much-cherished sovereignty may have to be curtailed to serve global economic and humanitarian goals...

"Critics argued that we should not have been involved in either conflict, or we should have acted unilaterally. But we have learned that by acting in unison with other nations, we avoid being perceived as a global bully. Still, putting our armed forces, even in a limited and temporary way, under a supranational command is a significant step toward a new world order, indeed one that may require amending our Constitution." (319. "When Does Global Good Outweigh Our Own Sovereignty?" by Amitai Etzioni, USA Today, December 8, 1999, page 31A.)

"As a scholar who dedicated the last 15 years to communitarian public philosophy, I have frequently argued that individual rights have been unduly expanded, often at the cost of the common good. I joined Harvard law professor Mary Glendon to point critically at the explosive growth of entitlements and the trivialization of rights. For example, some feminists claimed that they had a right to use the men's room even if there was no line at the women's room. And an employee of Macy's claimed that he has a right to play Santa Claus. I could not find such rights in the Constitution, or for that matter, any other place. In addition, I devoted a whole book to the limits of privacy, and I am among those who hold that Sept. 11, 2001, changed what constitutes a "reasonable" search.

However, when we move to reset the balance between individual rights and the common good, we inevitably step on the slippery slope that we face whenever we reset legal doctrines, religious Do's and Don'ts and moral taboos. We hence need to be careful that we not open the floodgates to gross violations of individual rights-that we not end up on our backside on the lowest end of the slope. Some civil libertarians are so concerned about this danger that they would rather not set foot on the slope at all, and prefer to remain frozen in whatever position they find themselves. However, adjustments are often needed. The secret is to set clear markers for the new place on the slope beyond which we will not slide, a new definition of what is reasonable, a specific new point of balance between rights and the common good." (Amitai Etzioni, Communitarian Newsletter #4, received on the COMMLAW@hermes.gwu.edu elist, October 17, 2005. (also in The National Law Journal Online on September 19, 2005.))

"Israel is the Harvard of antiterrorism," said U.S. Capitol Police Chief Terrance W. Gainer. "After returning from Israel, Gainer retrained his officers to shoot a potential suicide bomber in the head rather than aim for the chest, as they were originally taught, because shooting the chest could detonate a suicide vest."

"Last year, Perry, the Israeli commander of the bomb disposal unit and a former member of the Mossad, Israel's central intelligence agency, briefed more than 425 top federal and local law enforcement officials from New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania at a conference at Princeton University. This month, Levy and Perry will be in Chicago." (Israeli Experts Teach Police On Terrorism: Training Programs Prompt Policy Shifts by SARI HORWITZ / Washington Post 12jun2005.)

"The [Communitarian Policy Studies] institute established four steps it said states should take, at a minimum, to ensure effective screening for fraudulent applications and assigned a grade based on how many they used.

"The steps were verifying Social Security numbers using an online database system; requiring proof that the applicant is legally in the United States and a resident in the state; linking license expiration dates to visa expiration dates for foreigners; and using biometric information, such as fingerprints or retinal scans, to verify identity." (Institute rates Alaska DMV as one of most lax in U.S. LICENSES: State disputes claim that it deserves an "F" in verifying applicants' identities. by RICHARD RICHTMYER Anchorage Daily News, April 22, 2004).

"Housing Secretary Henry Cisneros and White House domestic adviser William Galston have come out in favor of the communitarian agenda, and Sen. Bill Bradley goes so far as to say that communitarianism "promises to shape a new political era in much the way progressivism reshaped our nation a century ago..... As a consequence, people are beginning to think critically about what it means to translate such fuzzy, feel-good rhetoric into action.

""This is the Clinton administration's version of 'family values,' something vague and moralistic that everyone supports but no one seems to be able to define," says Professor Walker. "I suspect that what the communitarians, and especially Etzioni, really want is to be influential with the White House. If that's an accomplishment, then they may already be achieving something."" (I or We?, by Michael D'Antonio, Mother Jones, May-June 1994)

"Akhil Reed Amar, a leading scholar of constitutional law and author of The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction, explains that the word people is used in a collective sense in the US Constitution. "But the libertarian reading must contend with textual embarrassments of its own. The amendment speaks of a right of 'the people' collectively rather than a right of 'persons' individually. And it uses a distinctly military phrase: 'bear arms.'....The rest of the Bill of Rights confirms this communitarian reading. The core of the First Amendment's assembly clause, which textually abuts the Second Amendment, is the right of 'the people'--in essence, voters--to 'assemble' in constitutional conventions and other political conclaves. So, too, the core rights retained and reserved to 'the people' in the Ninth and Tenth Amendments were rights of the people collectively to govern themselves democratically. The Fourth Amendment is trickier: 'The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated.' Here, the collective 'people' wording is paired with more individualistic language of 'persons.'"(Gun Information.org)

"Americans are fond of liberty, particularly the liberty of the individual. We have numerous words to describe it: liberty, freedom, autonomy, privacy, and rights, among others. Until very recently, however, we have not placed as much emphasis on the common good or the public welfare. If the horrific events of September 11 are any indication, this may - and arguably must - change. Community and the Constitution: Our relative lack of focus on the common good is actually quite surprising, given that the preamble to our national Constitution is mostly communitarian, rather than individualistic, in orientation." (TERRORISM, LIBERTY, AND COMMUNITY: Why We Need a Stronger Focus On the Common Good By SCOTT IDLEMAN, Tuesday, Sep. 18, 2001 at findlaw.com.)

"In emphasizing the effect a broad per se rule could have on governmental efforts to implement comprehensive planning goals through diverse land use regulations, Justice Stevens endorsed the communitarian principles that land is a natural resource to be used and enjoyed by present and future generations, and that individual property rights are naturally limited by the fact that human beings are social persons who belong to communities. Decisions regarding the use of privately owned land are subject to reasonable regulations imposed by the government on behalf of the community." (The Supreme Court Upholds Moratoria Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, No. 00-1167, 535 U. S. ___, 122 S. Ct. 1465 (2002), by Peter W. Salsich, Jr., Saint Louis University School of Law,Co-author, Planning and Control of Land Development: Cases and Materials.)

"The court's decision is a benign communitarian decision. It's endorsing people acting through their representative government. So people should fight like hell in that political arena for one's individual values./ In this case, there's genuine people involved. But in many cases, these are opportunists waiting to hold out. The court said we aren't going to be the engine for that anti-communitarian process." (STEVEN SLOAN, in the Wall Street Journal on 24jun2005, quoting Berkeley land-law professor Antonio Rossmann speaking about the landmark U.S. Supreme Court's Kelo decision. http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/2005/Eminent-Domain-Supreme24jun05.htm)

"Globalization is driving new patterns of governance: rapid growth in direct administration by international agencies, in hybrid transnational governance involving public and private actors, and in cooperative administrative arrangements where national agencies coordinate their policies or act pursuant to decisions taken in international institutions or informal international networks. Much of this global governance is regulatory: making detailed rules, making specific decisions about who gets what, making adjudicative judgments between competing interests. There is so far no unified sense of an administrative law for transnational governance and there are vast unmet problems of accountability, participation, and fairness in these areas of global governance. There already exist many little pieces of the jigsaw, but fragmented into different policy areas with very distinct communities involved, so that most participants have no occasion to debate or even to consider the big picture of how the administration of global governance does work or should work. The conditions now exist to create and shape a new field of global administrative law, encompassing transnational and national law and mechanisms, as one means to influence the way in which demands for accountability and participation in global governance can better be framed and met." Global Administrative Law: National and International Accountability Mechanisms for Global Regulatory Governance April 22 and 23, 2005. Convened by the IILJ and the NYU Center on Environmental and Land Use Law. www.iilj.org. Co-sponsored by the ABA Section of Administrative Law, and the International Environmental Law Committees of the ABA Sections of International Law and Section of Environment, Energy & Resource (SEER). This is a Centennial Regional Meeting of the American Society of International Law and is made possible in part by a grant from Carnegie Corporation of New York.

"The argument advanced here presumes that it is neither necessary nor prudent to attempt to end nationalism by head-on attacks on the legitimacy of the nation-state or by favoring its demise. The vision of replacing the nation-state by regional governments and ultimately by a world government (as UN enthusiasts dream), or envisioning a state that acts as a mere framework for the interactions of groups of people of different cultures but commands no loyalty and involvement of its own, is normatively dubious and unnecessarily threatening. Nationalism can be and is best ended by a much more moderate approach." On Ending Nationalism* by Amitai Etzioni, Politik und Gesellschaft Online, International Politics and Society 2001

"In this course, we will ask what makes a "just society"? Central to this question is the problem of freedom and order-how do we reconcile our twin desires to promote both individual freedom and common good. Does too much freedom lead to social chaos? Does too much order lead to repression and conformity? What is the right balance? In this course, we will examine the role of law in balancing freedom and order. We will explore the intersection of law, justice, and good citizenship.

"By the end of the course, we hope you can provide informed answers to these questions: Should individuals sacrifice their own interest in service of the collective good? Should they be required by law to do so? To what extent does our contemporary liberal democracy depend on the socially responsible action of its members? What does it mean to do community service and to engage in service-learning? What does citizenship mean? Is it a right-wing term referring to the sacrifice of the self to God and Country? Or is it a left-wing term reflecting a call for citizens to pay attention to the needs of the poor and disadvantaged? Neither? Both?

"Some of the course readings articulate relevant social theories drawn from sociology, psychology, political science, and legal theory, while others provide direct accounts of those engaged in community service. The hidden agenda, of course, in the grand tradition of liberal studies, is to challenge you to develop your own philosophy of law, citizenship, and justice. To make the readings and class discussions concrete, students will participate in one of two service-learning projects and use these opportunities to reflect on their role in the larger society. In one project, you will assist a defense attorney and Skidmore alumnus in a death penalty appeal. In a second project, you will participate in Skidmore's Integrity Board and evaluates its effectiveness as a campus judicial system." (INTRODUCTION TO LAW, CITIZENSHIP, AND JUSTICE Skidmore.edu. Fall 2002 course syllabus.)

"The President's fifth principle, however, has drawn criticism from some circles. The President declared that "we're determined to deny the militants future recruits by replacing hatred and resentment with democracy and hope across the broader Middle East." Some deride this "freedom agenda" as idealistic and na ve. Some argue that although well-intentioned, the short-term costs exceed any potential long-term benefits from democratization in the Middle East. The President respectfully disagrees. He believes the freedom agenda is critical for both the United States and Israel. So, this afternoon I would like to discuss why the effort to spread freedom throughout the Muslim world will leave both the United States, and Israel, safer and more secure." (Remarks by Stephen Hadley to the American Israel Public Affairs Committee National Summit 2005 White House Press Release, October 31, 2005)

"Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez denounced the U.S.-led war in Iraq on Thursday and told world leaders they should consider moving the U.N. headquarters out of the United States because of it." (Chavez urges leaders to consider moving U.N. to Jerusalem UNITED NATIONS (AP) 9-16-2005)

"Starting in 1960, the doctrine of the movement, "National-European Communitarism" whose social character was affirmed from the beginning, derived from national-communist positions.

"After the definitive elimination of the right-wing sector of the organization in 1964, Thiriart would lead Young Europe in a direction in which two general orientations dominate: on one hand, radical anti-Americanism and, on the other, a progressive approach to national-communist positions. Thiriart sees Communitarism as surpassing communism and not as its opponent, this is a typical national-Bolshevik posture. In 1965, he defined Communitarism as "national-European socialism" and he added that "in the mid century, communism will become, wanting it or not, Communitarism" (19). In this, history has had to agree with him given that before the fall of the Soviet block, the economic reforms that were introduced in Hungary and Romania took communist economy towards Communitarism (20)."

"Jean Thiriart's doctrinal works of the early eighties and those developed in the same period by the P.C.N., assume this last tendency. For this purpose, this party presents Communitarism as an "ideology of synthesis that wishes to fuse Marxist-Leninist ideologies and national-revolutionary ones into a synthesis of doctrinal offensive: the socialism of the XXI century"" (47). (Marxism-Leninism and National- Bolshevism at Bolsheviks.org)

"It is still too early to tell exactly, or even approximately, what the powers and purview of the new Political Advisory Council will be. It does, however, seem safe to say that the new council, when it officially meets in early July, will not be a precursor to the Western version of democracy, an aggressively secular regime embodying a one-person-one-vote principle and strict majority rule. Rather, it appears to be communitarian in make-up, cleverly designed to give each distinct group a voice and each substantial group an effective veto over recommendations or decrees." (Leonard J. Hochberg, Ph.D, and James D. Hard, Jr., Ph.D., "Creating Democracy in Iraq?" NMIR, June 19, 2003.)

"En instituant les Communautés, les États membres ont limité leurs pouvoirs législatifs souverains et ont créé un ensemble juridique autonome qui les lie, tout comme leurs ressortissants, et qui doit être appliqué par leurs tribunaux." [Roughly translates to: By establishing the Communities, the Member States limited their sovereign legislative powers and created an autonomous legal unit which binds them, just like their nationals, and who must be applied by their courts."] Eur-Lex-L'AUTONOMIE DE L'ORDRE JURIDIQUE COMMUNAUTAIRE [The AUTONOMY Of The COMMUNITY LEGAL ORDER]

"One must act 'as if' in Europe: as if one wanted only very few things, in order to obtain a great deal. As if nations were to remain sovereign, in order to convince them to surrender their sovereignty. The Commission in Brussels, for example, must act as if it were a technical organism, in order to operate like a government ... and so on, camouflaging and toning down. The sovereignty lost at national level does not pass to any new subject. It is entrusted to a faceless entity: NATO, the UN and eventually the EU. The Union is the vanguard of this changing world:it indicates a future of Princes without sovereignty. The new entity is faceless and those who are in command can neither be pinned down nor elected ... That is the way Europe was made too: by creating communitarian organisms without giving the organisms presided over by national governments the impression that they were being subjected to a higher power. That is how the Court of Justice as a supra-national organ was born. It was a sort of unseen atom bomb, which Schuman and Monnet slipped into the negotiations on the Coal and Steel Community. That was what the 'CSC' itself was: a random mixture of national egotisms which became communitarian. I don't think it is a good idea to replace this slow and effective method - which keeps national States free from anxiety while they are being stripped of power - with great institutional leaps - Therefore I prefer to go slowly, to crumble pieces of sovereignty up litle by little, avoiding brusque transitions from national to federal power. That is the way I think we will have to build Europe's common policies..." (Italian Prime Minister Giuliano Amato, later Vice-President of the EU Constitutional Convention, interview with Barbara Spinelli, La Stampa, 13 July 2000. Posted in a great list of quotes compiled by Free Europe.org)

"A new code word for anti-Semitism has entered the language- "communautarisme"-and Ramadan has been instrumental in its spread. Last October he submitted an editorial to Le Monde and the leftist newspaper Libération entitled ³Critique of the (New) Communitarian Intellectuals²-meaning Jews. To Americans, communautarisme may sound benign, but it is in fact a new way of labeling and identifying separateness-who is a Jew, who is a Muslim-and that concept goes against every principle of the French Republic. Both newspapers turned Ramadan's editorial down, but he promptly posted it on the Web site Oumma.com, the most important Muslim Web site in the country. It read in part, "There is a phenomenon which muddies the facts. For several years (even before the second intifada), French Jewish intellectuals, who until then had been considered universalist thinkers, started from the national as well as international point of view to develop analyses that were more and more influenced by a communitarian concern, which tends to minimize the importance of defending universal principles of equality and justice." The communitarians cited included some of France¹s most distinguished intellectuals, philosophers Alain Finkielkraut and Bernard-Henri Lévy and former health minister Bernard Kouchner. During his debate with Ramadan, Sarkozy confronted him on this point. ³My text is not anti-Semitic,² Ramadan said. ³I condemn anti-Semitism with dire resolve.² On the subject of the stoning of women, he was less conclusive: ³I have asked ... for a moratorium to enable a true debate among Muslims,² he said, which caused a furor in the French press." (Daughters of France, Daughters of Allah by Marie Brenner in Vanity Fair, April 2004)

"The 2005 Global Meeting of the Sustainable Cities Programme (SCP) and Localizing Agenda 21 Programme (LA21) partners will take place from 26 June to 1st July in Cuba, hosted by the City of La Havana. The meeting offers the partners of the UN-HABITAT Urban Environment Section the opportunity to advance their collective know-how, exchange experiences, review activities, and discuss how to mainstream Environmental Planning and Management (EPM) into local, national and global policies. The meeting will bring together: mayors, high-ranking city officials, urban practitioners, representatives of central/federal governments, urban institutions, heads of international support programmes and key representatives of donor agencies. The meeting is organized jointly by UN-HABITAT, UNEP, the Government of Cuba and the City of La Havana." (Havanna 2005 UN Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Programme, The Sustainable Cities Programme and the Localizing Agenda 21 Programme-6th Global Meeting of Partners.)

"I was once a member of a "terrorist" group, show no mercy on civilian terrorists." by Amitai Etzioni at Jewish World Review.com

"The purpose of this book is to define a new global governmental system and the methods of achieving it. Community Communism is the creation of new territories and a new division of the responsibilities and powers of government. Community Communism shall be implemented in stages: first by county and finally globally. The present system is the result of the violence of history and the nationalism of global conquest. The needs of the present and the future require government designed to facilitate the realities of the global economy and global peace." (Community Communism at Netcommie.com)

"I'll make the case that community-based economics constitutes an alternative to both capitalism and socialism; that it is very much in keeping with the Greens' valuation of diversity and decentralization; and that it has the potential to resonate with the public/electorate-and therefore should be highlighted in our organizing work and electoral campaigns. In terms of developing economic policy, Greens should understand that communitarian social relations are more important than economic property relations." (Community-Based Economics: Answers to Respondents, by Steve Welzer, Green Party of New Jersey)

"The abstract capitalist system that Adam Smith praised and Karl Marx condemned does not in fact exist. It is as much a distortion of real productive systems as would be a model of football that ignored most of the players and took notice only of the two goalkeepers."

"People are living in a snarled-up subset of Marx's thinking, and do not know it. They twist logic to get to conclusions that will suit the current prejudices. They garnish it with a little Christianity or mysticism or whatever, though these play no important part in their world outlook." TRUTH OVERLOOKED: THE LEGACY OF LIST by Gwydion M. Williams (also available via Cal State LA-POLS 426 online reading list.

"American people, minus older generations, are now a manufactured political body - one manufactured in the public school system and in American universities. They have never been privy to the knowledge that they are, according to the Constitution of the United States of America, themselves, the government. Instead, they have been manipulated into believing that once representatives are elected into power, those representatives ARE the power and must be believed and followed as elected powers. This misinterpretation of citizenship is the downfall of America as a sovereign nation and the downfall of freedom for American citizens. And this is why, at the end of 2005, the American people must read the Constitution, as families, and specifically to children of all ages. It's a small task and a small request. It's one dinner conversation, and I am asking all readers to take this request most seriously. We are at the end of the line. The last generation that has the intellectual ability to help to restore our government is aging. We MUST understand our Constitutional rights AND responsibilities AS DEFINED by our Constitution - THE DOCUMENT THAT ALL ELECTED ARE SWORN TO UPHOLD." (WE, The People, ARE the American Government by Nancy Levant)

"The plan to usher in the Third Wave rests on four pillars.
1. Get rid of or radically reform the US Constitution
2. Replace it with a direct or semi-direct democracy.
3. Replace majority rule with minority rule
4. Improve government efficiency through a management tool called decision division."
The Third Way Part VI: Eradicating the US Constitution by design By Steve Farrell, web posted April 10, 2000.

"Human Events Online has been leading the coverage of the so-called "Security and Prosperity Partnership," a unilateral program implemented by the Bush Administration designed to set the course for a North American Union that would subsume our national sovereignty. A de facto treaty signed by the leaders of Canada, Mexico, and the U.S., the agreement was never submitted to the Senate for ratification. Now it can be revealed that plans for the North American Union include a tri-national "North American Union" ID card. Are You Ready for a North American ID Card? by by James Plummer Posted Jul 17, 2006, Human Events Online.

"COUNTRY DESCRIPTION : Cuba is a totalitarian police state, which relies on repressive methods to maintain control. These methods, including intense physical and electronic surveillance of Cubans, are also extended to foreign travelers. Americans visiting Cuba should be aware that any encounter with a Cuban could be subject to surreptitious scrutiny by the Castro regime's secret police, the General Directorate for State Security (DGSE). Also, any interactions with average Cubans, regardless how well intentioned the American is, can subject that Cuban to harassment and/or detention, amongst other forms of repressive actions, by state security elements. The regime is strongly anti-American yet desperate for U.S. dollars to prop itself up." (Note to U.S. Americans from the U.S. Department of State December 06, 2004.)

"THERE is no doubt that the philosophical outlook called communitarianism has influenced politics in the West. Some of its major tenets have been advanced by Bill Clinton in America and Tony Blair in Britain. Described by its promoters as a "movement" (it's not: it has no popular support or mass membership), communitarianism is a public philosophy developed by a small coterie of academics who have attempted to recast American liberal-Left and European social-democratic ideologies into a new "centrist" mold." The New Golden Rule: Community and Morality in a Democratic Society. - book reviews National Review, March 10, 1997 by John Fonte.

"America is becoming a full-blown communitarian society. In the name of saving the environment, Communist environmentalists are attacking property rights. In the name of group rights, communitarian masters are destroying individual rights. In the name of saving "the Children," they are breaking down ties of family, country, and religion. In the name of "public safety" and "crime prevention," they are producing chaos, hatred, and distrust. Most communities now have community police, and, just as in other communitarian societies, community Thought Police are increasingly being used to detect, investigate, and report "suspicious activities," "political crimes," "hate crimes," and "anti-social" behavior. Anti-social behavior is defined as failing to yield to governmental authority for the good of the community and asserting your individual rights, including property rights. Anyone who fails to see the "(Party) light," i.e., normal, rational, intelligent, freedom-loving individuals, has to be cured, which is the purpose of the ubiquitous community mental health centers. Ultimately, if Communists succeed in creating their New World Order, community health centers will inevitably utilize totalitarian methods, such as the inhuman compulsory psychiatric treatment currently employed in Russia. ("MASTERS OF SEDUCTION, Beguiling Americans Into Slavery and Self-destruction" Copyright © 2000 by Jeri Lynn Ball)

"The Congress finds and declares that the Communist Party of the United States, although purportedly a political party, is in fact an instrumentality of a conspiracy to overthrow the Government of the United States." (U.S. Code Title 50, Chapter 23, Subchapter IV, Section 841 )

"There are some tendencies within the European Union that can be seen with critical eyes," he said, notably "an extension of communitarian law by the European court." ( From Austria, 'new thoughts' for EU by James Kanter, International Herald Tribune, January 1, 2006)

"Because of ambitions to change human beings, communitarianism is a form of elitism. Its advocates have the feeling that they have been chosen to advise, to moralize, to know better than the 'normal' people what is right or wrong, what the people should do, what will be good for them. They want us not only to be free, but to be good, just, moral as well. Of course, in their definition of what is good, just and moral." Klaus Vaclas, 2nd President of the Czech Republic, Society and the Crisis of Liberalism